Environmental performance of laying poultry in na intensive and automated system in Southern Brazil
Análise ambiental da avicultura de postura em sistema intensivo e automatizado no sul do Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53660/CLM-3696-24N27Palavras-chave:
Egg industry, Environmental performance, Sustainability, LayersResumo
Eggs are an animal protein of high nutritional value and is considered an alternative source to red meat. It is accessible to all social extracts. In addition, substantial demand growth is expected in the coming decades, which requires a significant increase in production volume. Consequently, there is a question of how these eggs will be produced. The current production systems must meet demands related to environmental sustainability, ensuring food security in terms of production volume and product safety. Thus, this study assesses the environmental performance of intensive and automated egg production in conventional cages in the southern region of Brazil. The data that comprise the inventory were modeled from data collected on a farm between 2017 and 2018. We conducted the assessment using the methodology of life cycle analysis (LCA) and the software Open LCA v. 1.7.4. The functional unit (FU) used was one ton of eggs (equivalent to 17,873 units), and the results were allocated financially. The impact attribution method was CML 2002; the database was Ecoinvent v. 3.4. The impact categories evaluated were acidification, with a total impact of 6.47 kg SO2-eq/FU, eutrophication, with a result of 4.17 kg PO4-eq/FU, and a carbon footprint of 1,411.85 CO2-eq/FU. We conclude that the environmental externalities of egg production in Brazil’s southern region are similar to those reported by other studies worldwide. The production phase is responsible for about 85% of the environmental impacts in the categories evaluated. The feeding of birds contributes to the largest share of impacts.
Downloads
Referências
ABÍN, Rocío et al. Environmental assessment of intensive egg production: A Spanish case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, [s. l.], v. 179, p. 160–168, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.067
Clima. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/pesquisa/efb/clima.htm>. Acesso em: 30 dez. 2018.
CLIMATE-DATA.ORG. [S. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: https://pt.climate-data.org/america-do-sul/brasil/rio-grande-do-sul/morro-reuter-313508/. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2018.
CRONEY, Candace et al. An Overview of Engineering Approaches to Improving Agricultural Animal Welfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, [s. l.], v. 31, n. 2, p. 143–159, 2018. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-018-9716-9>
DEKKER, S. E.M. et al. Ecological and economic evaluation of Dutch egg production systems. Livestock Science, [s. l.], v. 139, n. 1–2, p. 109–121, 2011. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.011>. Acesso em: 11 dez. 2018.
DELGADO, Marta Fioravante; PIACANTE, Fabrício José; SALLA, Andrea. Diagnóstico Ambiental Da Produção Avícola De Postura: Estudo Sobre Os Dois Principais Sistemas De Produção Sob a Óptica Dos Seus Resíduos Sólidos Environmental. Revista de Micro e Pequenas Empresas e Empreendedorismo da Fatec Osasco, Osasco, v. 3, p. 18–40, 2017.
FAO. Africa Sustainable Livestock 2050-Technical Meeting and Regional Lauch, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 21-23 February.FAO Animal Production and Health Report. No.12. 2017. E-book.
FAOSTAT - DADOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE OVOS. Disponível em: <http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2018.
FLORINDO, T. J. et al. Application of the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach in the identification of Carbon Footprint reduction actions in the Brazilian beef production chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 196, p. 1379–1389, 2018. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.116>
FLORINDO, Thiago José et al. Multicriteria decision-making and probabilistic weighing applied to sustainable assessment of beef life cycle. Journal of Cleaner Production, [s. l.], v. 242, p. 118362, 2020. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118362>
FOLEY, Jonathan A et al. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature, v. 478, n. 7369, p. 337–342, 2011. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10452>
GHASEMPOUR, A.; AHMADI, E. Assessment of environment impacts of egg production chain using life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, [s. l.], v. 183, p. 980–987, 2016. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.054>
GRAEDEL, T. E.; LIFSET, R. J. Industrial ecology’s first decade. In: Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology. [s.l: s.n.]. p. 3–20.
LEINONEN, I. et al. Predicting the environmental impacts of chicken systems in the united kingdom through a life cycle assessment: Egg production systems. Poultry Science, [s. l.], v. 91, n. 1, p. 26–40, 2012. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01635>
LOWRANCE, R.; HENDRIX, P.F.; ODUM, E.P. A hierarchical approach to sustainable agriculture. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, [s. l.], v. 1, n. 4, p. 169–173, 1986. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300001260>
MCNAMARA, Donald. The Fifty Year Rehabilitation of the Egg. Nutrients, [s. l.], v. 7, n. 10, p. 8716–8722, 2015. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7105429>
MENDES, Natalia Crespo; BUENO, Cristiane; OMETTO, Aldo Roberto. Avaliação de Impacto do Ciclo de Vida: revisão dos principais métodos. Production, [s. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 160–175, 2015. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.153213>. Acesso em: 5 fev. 2019.
PATTERSON, M.; MCDONALD, G.; HARDY, D. Is there more in common than we think? Convergence of ecological footprinting, emergy analysis, life cycle assessment and other methods of environmental accounting. Ecological Modelling, [s. l.], v. 362, 2017. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.022>
PELLETIER, N. Life cycle assessment of Canadian egg products, with differentiation by hen housing system type. Journal of Cleaner Production, [s. l.], v. 152, p. 167–180, 2017. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.050>
PELLETIER, Nathan. Changes in the life cycle environmental footprint of egg production in Canada from 1962 to 2012. Journal of Cleaner Production, [s. l.], v. 176, p. 1144–1153, 2018. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.212>
PELLETIER, Nathan et al. Sustainability in the Canadian Egg Industry—Learning from the Past, Navigating the Present, Planning for the Future. Sustainability, [s. l.], v. 10, n. 10, p. 3524, 2018. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103524. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2019>
PELLETIER, Nathan; IBARBURU, Maro; XIN, Hongwei. Comparison of the environmental footprint of the egg industry in the United States in 1960 and 2010. Poultry Science, 2014a. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03390>
PRUDÊNCIO DA SILVA, V. et al. Environmental impacts of French and Brazilian broiler chicken production scenarios: An LCA approach. Journal of Environmental Management, [s. l.], v. 133, p. 222–231, 2014. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.011>
SMITH, L.G.; WILLIAMS, A.G.; PEARCE, B.D. The energy efficiency of organic agriculture: A review. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, [s. l.], v. 30, n. 3, p. 280–301, 2015. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170513000471>
WOLF, Steven A.; ALLEN, T.F.H. Recasting alternative agriculture as a management model: The value of adept scaling. Ecological Economics, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 5–12, 1995. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)00016-O>
