Seroepidemiological study of leptospirosis in horses with reproductive disorders
Estudo soroepidemiológico de leptospirose em equinos com problemas reprodutivos
Palavras-chave:
Leptospira, Equids, Microscopic Agglutination Test, SerovarsResumo
Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonosis caused by different species of bacteria of the genus Leptospira spp., resulting in economic losses in equine husbandry, including abortion, birth of weak and premature animals. In this context, the present study aimed to conduct a seroepidemiological study by identifying antibodies to Leptospira spp. in horses with a history of reproductive disorders. For this purpose, 108 horses from two studs in the Triângulo Mineiro region, designated A and B (A: n=68 and B: n=40), were subjected to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Questionnaires were administered to the stud owners to analyze risk factors. Of the 108 samples analyzed, 50.9% (55/108) were reactive to MAT, with the most prevalent serovars being Djasiman 65.5% (36/55) and Hebdomadis 34.5% (19/55) with titers of 800 and 1600, respectively. Positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in females over 48 months of age in both studs A and B. In this context, it can be concluded that veterinarians should request leptospirosis laboratory tests in horses that present reproductive disorders, and sanitary measures should be recommended aiming to minimize economic losses as well as to avoid the potential zoonotic risk of the disease.
Downloads
Referências
ADLER, B.; DE LA PEÑA MOCTEZUMA, A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology, v. 140, n. 3-4, p. 287–296, jan. 2010.
BERNARDINO, M. G. S. et al. Cross-sectional survey for canine leptospirosis in an Atlantic Rainforest area of the semiarid of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v. 41, p. e06640, 14 jun. 2021.
BLAZIUS, R. D. et al. Ocorrência de cães errantes soropositivos para Leptospira spp. na Cidade de Itapema, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 21, p. 1952–1956, 1 dez. 2005.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Leptospirose: diagnóstico e manejo clínico. Brasília, 2014.
CASELANI, K. et al. Estudo soroepidemiológico de leptospirose em equinos utilizados para tração urbana. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, p. 582–587, 2012.
CASTRO J. R. et al. Sorovares de Leptospira spp. predominantes em exames sorológicos de caninos e humanos no município de Uberlândia, Estado de Minas Gerais. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v. 44, p. 217-222, 2011.
CHIARELI, D. et al. Freqüência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em eqüídeos, em Minas Gerais, 2003 a 2004. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 60, n. 6, p. 1576–1579, dez. 2008.
CILIA, G. et al. Insight into the Epidemiology of Leptospirosis: A Review of Leptospira Isolations from “Unconventional” Hosts. Animals, v. 11, n. 1, p. 191, 14 jan. 2021.
DA SILVA, A. S. et al. Leptospira spp. in horses in southern Brazil: Seroprevalence, infection risk factors, and influence on reproduction. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, v. 73, p. 101552, 1 dez. 2020.
DOS SANTOS, C. S. et al. Serological survey of equine leptospirosis at the Microregion of Itaguaí in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, [S. l.], v. 34, n. 2, p. 96–100, 2012.
DOS SANTOS, R. F. et al. Agglutinins to Leptospira spp. in equines slaughtered in the southern region of Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v. 37, n. 2, p. 841-852, 1 mar. 2016.
ELLIS, W. A. Animal Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, v. 387, p. 99–137, 12 nov. 2014.
ESCÓCIO, C. et al. Influência das condições ambientais na transmissão da leptospirose entre criações de ovinos e bovinos da região de Sorocaba, SP. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, v. 77, n. 3, p. 371–379, 1 set. 2010.
FAISAL, S. M.; MCDONOUGH, S. P.; CHANG, Y.-F. Leptospira: Invasion, Pathogenesis and Persistence. Em: EMBERS, M. E. (Ed.). The Pathogenic Spirochetes: strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. p. 143–172.
FERREIRA, L. D. S. et al. Revisão sobre as principais técnicas de diagnóstico de leptospirose / Review o the main techniques of diagnostic of leptospirosis. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, v. 4, n. 4, p. 15230–15243, 14 jul. 2021.
FORNAZARI, F. et al. Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents. Acta Tropica, v. 178, p. 205–212, fev. 2018.
GENOVEZ, M. E. Leptospirose em animais de produção. In: MEGID, J.; RIBEIRO, M. G.; PAES, A. C. (Eds). Doença Infecciosas em Animais de Produção e de Companhia. Rio de Janeiro: Roca, 2016. Cap. 35, p. 378-387.
HAMOND, C. et al. Presence of leptospires on genital tract of mares with reproductive problems. Veterinary Microbiology, v. 179, n. 3-4, p. 264–269, 30 set. 2015.
LANGONI, H. et al. Anti-leptospirose agglutinins in equine sera, from São Paulo, Goias, and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 1996-2001. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, v. 10, n. 3, 1 jan. 2004.
LANGONI, H. et al. Epidemiological variables and clinical, haematological and urinary alterations in dogs seropositive for Leptospira spp. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v. 34, n. 2, p. 765-776, 2013.
LE TURNIER, P.; EPELBOIN, L. Mise au point sur la leptospirose. La Revue de Médecine Interne, v. 40, n. 5, p. 306–312, maio 2019.
LINS, Z. C.; LOPES, M. L. Isolation of Leptospira from wild forest animals in Amazonian Brazil. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 78, n. 1, p. 124–126, 1984.
MINEIRO, A. L. B. B. et al. Infecção por leptospira em bovinos e sua associação com transtornos reprodutivos e condições climáticas. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 59, p. 1103–1109, 1 out. 2007.
MORAES, C. C. G. DE et al. Pesquisa de anticorpos para sorovares de Leptospira interrogans patogênicas em equídeos criados na ilha de Algodoal, Estado do Pará. Revista de Ciências Agrárias Amazonian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, v. 53, n. 2, p. 188–194, 2010.
MYERS, D. Leptospirosis: manual de métodos para el diagnostico de laboratório. Buenos Aires: Centro Panamericano de Zoonosis, OPS/OMS, 1985. 30p. (Nota técnica 30).
OIE (WORLD ORGANIZATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH). Leptospirosis., Capítulo 3.1.12. 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-access/>. Acesso em 19.05.2022
OLIVEIRA, F. C. S. et al. Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, v. 30, n. 5, p. 398–402, 1 maio 2010.
OLIVEIRA, L. A.; FALEIROS, F. E.; SANTOS, J. A. S. Análise do condicionamento da altitude nas variáveis climáticas de temperatura e precipitação na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba. Revista GeoNorte, Manaus, v. 1, n. 5, p. 325-335, 2012.
PICARDEAU, M. Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Medecine et maladies infectieuses, v. 43, n. 1, p. 1–9, 2013.
PINNA, A. et al. Potential differences between Leptospira serovars, host‐adapted (Bratislava) and incidental (Copenhageni), in determining reproductive disorders in embryo transfer recipient mares in Brazil. Veterinary Record, v. 174, n. 21, p. 531–531, 1 maio 2014.
PINTO, P. S.; LIBONATI, H.; LILENBAUM, W. A systematic review of leptospirosis on dogs, pigs, and horses in Latin America. Tropical Animal Health and Production, v. 49, n. 2, p. 231–238, 1 dez. 2016.
ROMANOWSKI, T. N. A. et al. Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Veterinary Sciences, v. 10, n. 10, p. 590–590, 25 set. 2023.
SILVA, F. J. et al. Prevalência e fatores de risco de leptospirose bovina no Estado do Maranhão. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v. 32, p. 303–312, 1 abr. 2012.
SILVA, G. M. DA et al. Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em grupos ocupacionais no estado de Pernambuco. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, v. 73, n. 3, p. 252–258, 2014.
SIMBIZI, V. et al. A study of leptospirosis in South African horses and associated risk factors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 134, p. 6–15, nov. 2016.
SIQUEIRA, C. C. et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equineleptospirosis in the metropolitan region of Salvador and Recôncavo Baiano region, Bahia state (NE Brazil). Tropical Animal Health and Production, v. 52, n. 1, p. 31–39, 9 jul. 2019.
SZEREDI, L.; HAAKE, D. A. Immunohistochemical Identification and Pathologic Findings in Natural Cases of Equine Abortion Caused by Leptospiral Infection. Veterinary Pathology, v. 43, n. 5, p. 755–761, set. 2006.
VERMA, A.; STEVENSON, B.; ADLER, B. Leptospirosis in horses. Veterinary Microbiology, v. 167, n. 1-2, p. 61–66, nov. 2013.
VIEIRA, A. S.; PINTO, P. S.; LILENBAUM, W. A systematic review of leptospirosis on wild animals in Latin America. Tropical Animal Health and Production, v. 50, n. 2, p. 229–238, 1 out. 2017.
VINCENT, A. T. et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, v. 13, n. 5, 23 maio 2019.
