The use of cannabinoids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
O uso de canabinóides no tratamento da esclerose múltipla
Palavras-chave:
Cannabinoids, Multiple slcerosis, Phytotherapy, MevatylResumo
Cannabis sativa is a component of the group of psychotropic cannabinoids and its main active component is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Its influence on the medial prefrontal cortex is complex, and its dose-dependency is high. Cannabis sativa is the third most used substance in the world, after cigarettes and alcohol. Currently, it is being used for illegal recreational purposes and medicinal purposes in complementary therapy. Cannabidiol (CBD) can be found in 60 subtypes of Cannabis sativa and has a therapeutic effect, being used to treat various diseases. In patients with multiple sclerosis, it causes a reduction in pain crises through the release of neurotransmitters that generate emetic, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The aim of this review is to present the mechanisms of potentiating herbal treatment, highlighting the immunological response after the action of cannabinoids on human physiology.
Downloads
Referências
Alonso, A., & Hernán, M. A. (2008). Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Neurology, 71(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000316802.35974.34
Ben-Zacharia, A. B. (2011). Therapeutics for multiple sclerosis symptoms. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York, 78(2), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/MSJ.20245
Calabresi, P. A. (2004). Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis. American Family Physician, 70(10), 1935–1944. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/1115/p1935.html
Compston, A. (2004). The pathogenesis and basis for treatment in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 106(3), 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.02.007
Compston, A., & Coles, A. (2008). Multiple sclerosis. Lancet (London, England), 372(9648), 1502–1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7
Cristino, L., Bisogno, T., & Di Marzo, V. (2020). Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders. Nature Reviews. Neurology, 16(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41582-019-0284-Z
Da Saúde, C., Filipe, M., & Fernandes, S. (n.d.). UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR Tratamento Farmacológico da Esclerose Múltipla Forma Surto-Remissão.
De Carvalho Gurgel, H. L., Lucena, G. G. C., De Faria, M. D., & De Azevedo Maia, G. L. (2019). Uso terapêutico do canabidiol: a demanda judicial no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Saúde e Sociedade, 28(3), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902019180812
De Souza Crippa, J. A., Lacerda, A. L. T., Amaro, E., Filho, G. B., Zuardi, A. W., & Bressan, R. A. (2005). Efeitos cerebrais da maconha: resultados dos estudos de neuroimagem. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 27(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462005000100016
Gonçalves, E. D., & Dutra, R. C. (2019). Cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases: where do we stand? Drug Discovery Today, 24(9), 1845–1853. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DRUDIS.2019.05.023
Höftberger, R., & Lassmann, H. (2018). Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 145, 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00019-5
Katchan, V., David, P., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2016). Cannabinoids and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review. Autoimmunity Reviews, 15(6), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTREV.2016.02.008
Lapeyre, E., Kuks, J. B. M., & Meijler, W. J. (2010). Spasticity: revisiting the role and the individual value of several pharmacological treatments. NeuroRehabilitation, 27(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2010-0596
Leary, S. M., Porter, B., & Thompson, A. J. (2005). Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and the management of acute relapses. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 81(955), 302. https://doi.org/10.1136/PGMJ.2004.029413
Levy, J., Prigent, H., & Bensmail, D. (2018). Respiratory rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A narrative review of rehabilitation techniques. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 61(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REHAB.2017.06.002
Marrie, R. A. (2004). Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis aetiology. Lancet Neurology, 3(12), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00933-0
Menge, T., Weber, M. S., Hemmer, B., Kieseier, B. C., von, H.-C. B., Warnke, C., Zamvil, S. S., Boster, A., Khan, O., Hartung, H.-P., & StüveSt, O. (2008). Disease-Modifying Agents for Multiple Sclerosis Recent Advances and Future Prospects. In Drugs (Vol. 68, Issue 17). http://www.nationalmssociety.
Morais, L. N. S. de, & Vieira, D. (2019). DERIVADOS DE CANABINOIDES NO TRATAMENTO DA ESPASTICIDADE EM PACIENTES COM ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: PERSPECTIVAS ATUAIS. Avanços Na Neurologia e Na Sua Prática Clínica, 106–120. https://doi.org/10.22533/AT.ED.93919231214
Otero-Romero, S., Sastre-Garriga, J., Comi, G., Hartung, H. P., Soelberg Sørensen, P., Thompson, A. J., Vermersch, P., Gold, R., & Montalban, X. (2016). Pharmacological management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and consensus paper. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 22(11), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516643600
Pereira, J. R., Sousa, C. V. e, Shigaki, H. B., & Lara, J. E. (2018). CANNABIS SATIVA: ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS AO CONSUMO DE MACONHA NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO. RAHIS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.21450/RAHIS.V15I1.4573
Poser, C. M., Paty, D. W., Scheinberg, L., McDonald, W. I., Davis, F. A., Ebers, G. C., Johnson, K. P., Sibley, W. A., Silberberg, D. H., & Tourtellotte, W. W. (1983). New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Annals of Neurology, 13(3), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/ANA.410130302
Rabelo, A. Q., Gomes, ;, Washington P, Kohn, ;, & Luciana K. (2019). Uso terapêutico de canabinóides na Esclerose Múltipla. Ensaios USF, 3(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.24933/EUSF.V3I1.134
Ribeiro De Carvalho, C., Hoeller, A. A., Leite, P., Franco, C., Eidt, I., & Walz, R. (2017). Canabinoides e Epilepsia: potencial terapêutico do canabidiol. In Ciências da Saúde (Vol. 29, Issue 1).
Rieder, S. A., Chauhan, A., Singh, U., Nagarkatti, M., & Nagarkatti, P. (2010). Cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in immune cells as a pathway to immunosuppression. Immunobiology, 215(8), 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IMBIO.2009.04.001
Río, J., Comabella, M., & Montalban, X. (2011). Multiple sclerosis: Current treatment algorithms. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24(3), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e328346bf66
Sánchez López, A. J., Román-Vega, L., Ramil Tojeiro, E., Giuffrida, A., & García-Merino, A. (2015). Regulation of cannabinoid receptor gene expression and endocannabinoid levels in lymphocyte subsets by interferon-β: a longitudinal study in multiple sclerosis patients. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 179(1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/CEI.12443
Soares Vieira, L., Emília, A., Marques, F., & Alexandre De Sousa, V. (2020). O uso de Cannabis sativa para fins terapêuticos no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura. Scientia Naturalis, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29327/269504
Taylor, C. P. (1997). Mechanisms of action of gabapentin. Revue Neurologique, 153 Suppl 1, S39-45. https://europepmc.org/article/med/9686247
Wynia, K., Middel, B., van Dijk, J. P., De Keyser, J. H. A., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2008). The impact of disabilities on quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 14(7), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458508091260
Zajicek, J. P., Hobart, J. C., Slade, A., Barnes, D., & Mattison, P. G. (2012). Multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis: results of the MUSEC trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 83(11), 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1136/JNNP-2012-302468
