Water footprint of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear with deficit irrigation using wastewater and blue water plus cattle manure
Pegada hídrica do cultivo de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ com irrigação com déficit controlado usando águas residuárias
Palavras-chave:
Fertigation;, domestic sewage;, Opuntia fícus-indica;, water use efficiency.Resumo
This study aims to evaluate the water footprint of cactus pear cultivated under different irrigation strategies. Treatments were: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and deficit irrigation (DI) with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and DI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, once a week) (T3); no fertilization and DI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1week-1, divided in two weekly applications) (T4); with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and DI with blue water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5); and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized blocks design, with five replicates. Productivity, nutrients applied and consumption of green and blue water were evaluated. The water footprint was lower in treatments irrigated with wastewater than in the other treatments. The DI, using blue water, makes it possible to increase crop productivity without increasing water footprint; in the absence of irrigation, organic fertilization does not reduce the water footprint; the DI, using wastewater, makes it possible to increase crop productivity while decreasing water footprint.
Downloads
Referências
BERNARDO, S.; SOARES, A. A.; MANTOVANI, E. C.Manual de irrigação. 8.ed. – Viçosa: Ed. UFV, 2006.
BRASIL Resolução CONAMA 357 de 17 de março de 2005. Brasília, DF, 2005. Available in: www.mma.gov.br/port/conama/res/res05/res35705.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2019.
CARVALHO, A. L.; MENEZES, R. S. C. Water footprints in farming systems in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. RevistaAgro@mbiente On-line, v. 8, n. 1, p. 142-148, Boa Vista, RR, 2014. DOI: 10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v8i1.1315
CONSOLI, S.; INGLESE, G. P. H. D.; INGLESE, P. Determination of Evapotranspiration and Annual Biomass Productivity of a Cactus Pear [Opuntiaficus-indica L. (Mill.)] Orchard in a Semiarid Environment. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 139 (8): 680-690, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000589
COSTA, D. C.; MARTORANO, L. G.; MORAES, J. R. S. C.; LISBOA, L. S. S.; STOLF, R. Temporal dynamics of the water footprint of soybean hub grains in Western Pará, Amazon. Rev. Ambient. Água, vol. 13 n. 5, e2051 – Taubaté, 2018. DOI:10.4136/ambi-agua.2051
FERREIRA, D. F. Sisvar: a Guide for its Bootstrap procedures in multiple comparisons. Ciênc. agrotec. [online]. Vol.38, n.2, pp. 109-112, 2014. Available en: ISSN 1413-7054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542014000200001
HOEKSTRA, A. Y.; CHAPAGAIN, A. K.; ALDAYA, M. M.; MEKONNEN, M. M.The Water Footprint assessment manual: Setting the global standard, Earthscan, London, UK, 2011.
MANTOVANI, E. C.EVALUATION: Sprinkler and Localized Irrigation Assessment Program. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2001.
MEKONNEN, M. M.; HOEKSTRA, A. Y. A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of wheat. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 14, n. 7, p. 1259–1276, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1259-2010
OWEIS, T.; ZHANG, H.; PALA, M. Water Use Efficiency of Rainfed and Irrigated Bread Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment. Agron. J. 92:231–238, 2000. DOI: 10.1007/s100870050027
QUEIROZ, M. D.; SILVA, T. G. F.; ZOLNIER, S.; SIQUEIRA E SILVA, S. M; SOUZA, C. A. A.; CARVALHO, H. F. S. Water-economic relations of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated in semi-arid environment. Irriga, Botucatu, Special edition, Irrigation, p. 141-154, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v1n01p141-154
SILVA, V. P. R.; ALBUQUERQUE, M. F.; ARAÚJO, L. E.; CAMPOS, J. H. B. C.; GARCÊZ, S. L. A.; ALMEIDA, R. S. R. Measurements and modelling of water footprint of sugar cane cultivated in Paraíba State. R. Bras. Eng. Agríc. Ambiental, v.19, n.6, p.521–526, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n6p521-526
SILVA, V. P. R.; ALEIXO, D. O.; DANTAS NETO, J.; MARACAJÁ, K. F. B.; ARAÚJO, L. E. A measure of environmental sustainability: water footprint. R. Bras. Eng. Agríc. Ambiental (Online), v. 17, p. 100-105, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662013000100014
SILVA, J. A.; BONOMO, P.; DONATO, S. L. R.; PIRES, A. J. V.; ROSA, R. C. C.; DONATO, PAULO E. R.Composição mineral em cladódios de palma forrageira sob diferentes espaçamentos e adubações química. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, v.7, p.866-875, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7isa2134
SMITH, M.; STEDUTO, P. Yield response to water: the original FAO water production function. In: STEDUTO, P.; HSIAO, T. C.; FERERES, E.; RAES, D. (Eds.), Crop yield response to water. Roma: FAO (Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66), 2012.
SOUZA, J. A. A.; BATISTA, R. O.; RAMOS, M. M.; SOARES, A. A. Microbiological contamination of soil by sewage. Acta Scientiarum. Technology, v. 33, n. 1, p.5-8, 2011. DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v33i1.5350
SOUZA, J. A. A.; SANTOS, D. B.; CAMELO, T. C.; REIS, G. A.; COTRIM, C. E. Productivity and nutrient supply in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear with regulated deficit irrigation using wastewater. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 34(6): p.1-12, 2019. DOI:10.9734/jeai/v34i630191
THORNTHWAITE, C. W.; MATHER, J. R.The water balance. Centerton, NJ: Drexel Institute of Technology - Laboratory of Climatology. 104p. (Publications in Climatology, vol. VIII, n.1), 1955.
WILKINSON, S.; HARTUNG, W. Food production: reducing water consumption manipulating long-distance chemical signalling in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 1885–1891, 2009. DOI:10.1093/jxb/erp121
