Obstetric medicine and humanization of childbirth through review of episiotomy practice

Medicina obstétrica e humanização do parto através da revisão da prática da episiotomia

Resumo

This work presents the importance of humanizing childbirth and the critical evaluation of episiotomy, a surgery at the time of vaginal birth. Episiotomy, historically used to facilitate childbirth and prevent perineal lacerations, has been questioned by recent research highlighting its potential harm and the need for selective use. The movement to humanize childbirth, focused on a woman-centered experience, is growing in response to interventionist obstetric models. Studies indicate that episiotomy without medical necessity can be seen as obstetric violence and cause complications. Research, including literature review and meta-analysis, shows a reduction in the prevalence of episiotomy, reflecting evidence-based practices. Promoting the humanization of childbirth through health policies and clinical guidelines is crucial to reducing unnecessary episiotomies. Challenges include cultural resistance and lack of resources, with perinatal education, professional training and encouragement of natural birth being essential. The Work concludes that there is a need for a woman-centered and evidence-based obstetric approach.