Effect of probiotic on the reproductive system and testosterone of rats intoxicated with hexavalent chromium in the diet
Efeito de probiótico no sistema reprodutor e testosterona de ratos intoxicados com crômio hexavalente na dieta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53660/CLM-1734-23L34Palavras-chave:
Testicle, Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Testosterone, Potassium dichromateResumo
Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) is a toxic and carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the prostate, seminal vesicle, testis and testosterone hormone level in rats, as a preclinical model, intoxicated with increasing doses of Cr VI, in the form of potassium dichromate. The experimental period lasted 90 days and used 80 young male rats randomly allocated into eight groups (n=10): two doses of probiotic and four doses of potassium dichromate incorporated into the diet. After the experimental period, the animals were weighed, euthanized and samples of blood, prostate, seminal vesicle and testis were collected and histological evaluations and hormonal measurements were performed. The probiotic supplemented in the diet reduced (p<0.05) the toxic effects of CrVI on the prostate, seminal vesicle, testis and testosterone hormone levels. The results also revealed that the incorporation of increasing doses of potassium dichromate caused toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner.
Downloads
Referências
ACHARYA, U. R. et al. Testicular dysfunction and antioxidative defense system of Swiss mice after chromic acid exposure. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), v. 22, n. 1, p. 87–91, jul. 2006.
AKUNNA, G. G. et al. Ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera (drumstick) leaf extracts on chromium-induced testicular toxicity in rat testes. World Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research, v. 2, n. 1, p. 20–26, 2012.
ANDRADE, S. D. E. Efeitos da administração intragástrica de Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CHCC2228 em um modelo murino agudo de colite ulcerativa induzida por sulfato sódico de dextrana (DSS). [s.l.] UFMG, 2013.
BALALI-MOOD, M. et al. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology, v. 12, p. 227, 13 abr. 2021.
BIST, P.; CHOUDHARY, S. Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on the Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Metabolites and Future Probiotics Strategy: a Review. Biological Trace Element Research, v. 200, n. 12, p. 5328–5350, 7 dez. 2022.
BREMER NETO, H. et al. Determinação de rotina do crômio em fezes, como marcador biológico, pelo método espectrofotométrico ajustado da 1,5-difenilcarbazida. Ciência Rural, v. 35, n. 3, p. 691–697, 2005.
CASALEGNO, C. et al. Collate literature data on toxicity of Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in experimental animals and humans. Disponível em: <http://www.chemserviceglp.com/assets/Uploads/EFSA-Scientific-Report.pdf>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2016.
CHANDRA, A. K. et al. Effect of curcumin on chromium-induced oxidative damage in male reproductive system. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, v. 24, n. 2, p. 160–166, set. 2007.
CHANDRA, P. R. et al. Distribution of Bio-accumulated Cd and Cr in two Vigna species and the Associated Histological Variations. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, v. 6, p. 4–12, 2010.
CHEUNG, K. H.; LAI, H. Y.; GU, J. D. Membrane-associated hexavalent chromium reductase of Bacillus megaterium TKW3 with induced expression. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, v. 16, n. 6, p. 855–862, 2006.
DE FLORA, S. Threshold mechanisms and site specificity in chromium(VI) carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, v. 21, n. 4, p. 533–541, abr. 2000.
DOPSON, M. et al. Metal resistance or tolerance? Acidophiles confront high metal loads via both abiotic and biotic mechanisms. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 5, n. APR, p. 157, 9 abr. 2014.
ERNST, E.; BONDE, J. P. Sex hormones and epididymal sperm parameters in rats following sub-chronic treatment with hexavalent chromium. Human & experimental toxicology, v. 11, n. 4, p. 255–258, jul. 1992.
FENG, T.; WANG, J. Oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic: a systematic review. Gut Microbes, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1801944, 9 nov. 2020.
FIELD, A. Descobrindo a estatística usando o SPSS. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2009.
FLEET, J. C. et al. Induction of hepatic metallothionein by intraperitoneal metal injection: an associated inflammatory response. The American journal of physiology, v. 258, n. 6 Pt 1, p. G926-33, jun. 1990.
FRITH, C. H. et al. Non-proliferative lesions of the endocrine system in rats. In: Guides for Toxicologic Pathology. Washington, D.C.: STP/ARP/AFIP, 2000. p. 22.
GAO, B. et al. Multi-Omics Reveals that Lead Exposure Disturbs Gut Microbiome Development, Key Metabolites, and Metabolic Pathways. Chemical Research in Toxicology, v. 30, n. 4, p. 996–1005, 17 abr. 2017.
GHONEIM, M. A. E.; MOSELHY, S. S. Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits. Toxicology and industrial health, v. 30, n. 3, p. 225–232, abr. 2014.
HARRELL, F. E.; R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM; HARRELL, F. E. R Software. In: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: [s.n.]. p. 127–142.
JOFFE, M. Infertility and environmental pollutants. British medical bulletin, v. 68, n. 1, p. 47–70, 2003.
KAMEL, K. I.; ATTIA, Y. A. Effect of dietary lecithin supplementation on improvement semen quality, reproductive performance plasma biochemical traits and antioxidant changes in rabbit bucks. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, v. 31, p. 667–680, 2011.
KANNAN, A. et al. Reduction of chromium-vi by chromium resistant lactobacilli: A prospective bacterium for bioremediation. Toxicology International, v. 19, n. 1, p. 25, jan. 2012.
KHALAF, A. A. et al. Rosmarinic acid attenuates chromium‐induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage and DNA damage in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, v. 34, n. 11, p. e22579, 14 nov. 2020.
KINROSS, J. M. et al. The human gut microbiome: implications for future health care. Current gastroenterology reports, v. 10, n. 4, p. 396–403, ago. 2008.
LI, A. et al. Environmental hexavalent chromium exposure induces gut microbial dysbiosis in chickens. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 227, p. 112871, 20 dez. 2021.
LI, H. et al. Effect of Cr(VI) exposure on sperm quality: human and animal studies. The Annals of occupational hygiene, v. 45, n. 7, p. 505–511, out. 2001.
LI, P.-Y. et al. [Active components of Descurainia sophia improve lung permeability in rats with allergic asthma by regulating airway inflammation and epithelial damage]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, v. 47, n. 4, p. 1009–1016, 15 fev. 2022.
LUO, L. et al. Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions. Frontiers in Pharmacology, v. 11, 14 jan. 2021.
MANN, P. C. et al. International Harmonization of Toxicologic Pathology Nomenclature: An Overview and Review of Basic Principles. Toxicologic Pathology, v. 40, n. 4 Suppl, p. 7S-13S, 1 jun. 2012.
MAROUANI, N. et al. Effects of hexavalent chromium on reproductive functions of male adult rats. Reproductive biology, v. 12, n. 2, p. 119–133, jul. 2012.
MONGA, A.; FULKE, A. B.; DASGUPTA, D. Recent developments in essentiality of trivalent chromium and toxicity of hexavalent chromium: Implications on human health and remediation strategies. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, v. 7, p. 100113, 1 ago. 2022.
NARDONE, G. et al. Protective effects of Lactobacillus paracasei F19 in a rat model of oxidative and metabolic hepatic injury. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, v. 299, n. 3, p. G669–G676, set. 2010.
NAZARI, F. et al. Antioxidant Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a Probiotic at Different Time Intervals. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, v. 3, n. 1, p. 34575–34575, 30 jan. 2016.
NTP. NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of sodium dichromate dihydrate (CAS No. 7789-12-0) administered in drinking water to male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice and male BALB/c and am3-C57BL/6 mice. Disponível em: <https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/st_rpts/tox072.pdf>. Acesso em: 20 jan. 2016.
NTP. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium dichromate dihydrate (CAS No. 7789-12-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).
PARK, J. H. Contrasting effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on lettuce grown in hydroponics and soil: Chromium and manganese speciation. Environmental Pollution, v. 266, p. 115073, 1 nov. 2020.
PATIERNO, S. R.; BANH, D.; LANDOLPH, J. R. Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells to focus formation and anchorage independence by insoluble lead chromate but not soluble calcium chromate: relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particles. Cancer research, v. 48, n. 18, p. 5280–5288, 15 set. 1988.
POUTAHIDIS, T. et al. Probiotic microbes sustain youthful serum testosterone levels and testicular size in aging mice. PLoS ONE, v. 9, n. 1, p. e84877, 2 jan. 2014.
RAHIM POURAN, S.; ABDUL RAMAN, A. A.; WAN DAUD, W. M. A. Review on the application of modified iron oxides as heterogeneous catalysts in Fenton reactions. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 64, p. 24–35, fev. 2014.
RAHMAN, Z.; SINGH, V. P. The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: an overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 191, n. 7, p. 419, 8 jul. 2019.
RODRIGUES, L. E. et al. Prebiotics mannan-oligosaccharides accelerate sexual maturity in rats: A randomized preclinical study. Veterinary World, v. 14, n. 5, p. 1210–1219, 20 maio 2021.
SAOULI, A. et al. Attenuating effects of selenium and zinc against hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative stress, hormonal instability, and placenta damage in preimplanted rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 1, p. 1–30, 5 abr. 2023.
ŚREDNICKA, P. et al. Probiotics as a biological detoxification tool of food chemical contamination: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, v. 153, p. 112306, 1 jul. 2021.
STANIEK, H. et al. Genotoxicity assessment of chromium(III) propionate complex in the rat model using the comet assay. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, v. 48, n. 1, p. 89–92, jan. 2010.
SUBRAMANIAN, S. et al. Reproductive toxicity of chromium in adult bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata Geoffrey). Reversible oxidative stress in the semen. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, v. 215, n. 3, p. 237–49, 15 set. 2006.
SULJEVIĆ, D. et al. Assessing hexavalent chromium tissue-specific accumulation patterns and induced physiological responses to probe chromium toxicity in Coturnix japonica quail. Chemosphere, v. 266, p. 129005, 1 mar. 2021.
TUMOLO, M. et al. Chromium Pollution in European Water, Sources, Health Risk, and Remediation Strategies: An Overview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 17, n. 15, p. 5438–5461, 28 jul. 2020.
VIHOL, P. D. et al. Effects of sodium dichromate on haemato-biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, v. 7, n. 1, p. 58–63, 1 jan. 2012.
VILLALPANDO-RODRIGUEZ, G. E.; GIBSON, S. B. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulates Different Types of Cell Death by Acting as a Rheostat. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, v. 2021, p. 1–17, 14 ago. 2021.
WANG, R. et al. The role of mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in hexavalent chromium-induced apoptosis and autophagy in rat testis. Chemico-Biological Interactions, v. 374, p. 110424, 1 abr. 2023.
WANG, Y. et al. Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update. OncoTargets and Therapy, v. Volume 10, p. 4065–4079, 16 ago. 2017.
WANG, Z. et al. Nanoadduct relieves: Alleviation of developmental toxicity of Cr(VI) due to its spontaneous adsorption to Mg(OH)2 nanoflakes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 287, p. 296–305, 28 abr. 2015.
WATWE, V. S.; KULKARNI, S. D.; KULKARNI, P. S. Cr(VI)-Mediated Homogeneous Fenton Oxidation for Decolorization of Methylene Blue Dye: Sludge Free and Pertinent to a Wide pH Range. ACS Omega, v. 6, n. 41, p. 27288–27296, 19 out. 2021.
WU, G. et al. Gut remediation: a potential approach to reducing chromium accumulation using Lactobacillus plantarum TW1-1. Scientific Reports, v. 7, n. 1, p. 15000, 8 nov. 2017.
WU, Y. et al. Hexavalent chromium intoxication induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in human renal cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, v. 21, n. 2, p. 851–857, 16 dez. 2019.
YOUNAN, S. et al. Chromium(VI) bioremediation by probiotics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v. 96, n. 12, p. 3977–3982, set. 2016.
YOUNAN, S. et al. Probiotic mitigates the toxic effects of potassium dichromate in a preclinical study: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v. 99, n. 1, p. 183–190, 15 jan. 2019.
YOUSEF, M. I. et al. Ameliorating effect of folic acid on chromium(VI)-induced changes in reproductive performance and seminal plasma biochemistry in male rabbits. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), v. 21, n. 3, p. 322–328, abr. 2006.
YOUSOFVAND, N.; ZAREI, F.; GHANBARI, A. Exogenous testosterone, finasteride and castration effects on testosterone, insulin, zinc and chromium in adult male rats. Iranian biomedical journal, v. 17, n. 1, p. 49–53, 2013.
ZHANG, S. et al. Antioxidative activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. African Journal of Microbiology Research, v. 5, n. 29, p. 5194–5201, 9 dez. 2011.
ZHANG, Z. et al. Long-term hexavalent chromium exposure facilitates colorectal cancer in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Food and Chemical Toxicology, v. 138, p. 111237, 1 abr. 2020.
ZHITKOVICH, A. Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks. Chemical Research in Toxicology, v. 24, n. 10, p. 1617–1629, 17 out. 2011.
